CHAPTER EIGHT Adverbs 6

6 CLASSIFICATION
KLASIFIKACIJA


N.B.
Uz svaku vrstu/klasu data je i lista, koja NE sadrži sve priloge, već one koji su česti i uobičajeni ili pogodni za primer. Neke liste su složene alfabetski, a neke prema stepenu značenja, što će biti očigledno prema datom značenju.

6.1 ADVERBS OF MANNER
PRILOZI ZA NAČIN


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi opisuju kako se nešto uradilo ili se radi ili će se uraditi:

They looked anxiously at each other.
Gledali su jedno u drugo zabrinuto.

He did not play well enough to win.
Nije igrao dovoljno dobro da pobedi.

I’m going to handle this my way.
Obaviću to na svoj način.

She listened to his story with great patience.
Slušala je njegovu priču sa puno strpljenja.

6.1.1 A LIST
LISTA

accurately tačno

awkwardly čudno
badly loše
beautifully lepo
brightly vedro
brilliantly briljantno
carefully pažljivo
carelessly bezbrižno
casually usputno
cheaply jeftino
clearly jasno
closely blizu
clumsily trapavo
comfortably udobno
consistently dosledno
conveniently prikladno
correctly tačno
dangerously opasno
delicately delikatno
differently različito
discreetly diskretno
distinctly zasebno
dramatically dramatično
easily lako
economically ekonomično
effectively efektno
efficiently efikasno
evenly ravnomerno
explicitly eksplicitno
faintly slabo
faithfully verno
fiercely žestoko
firmly čvrsto
fluently tečno
formally zvanično
frankly iskreno
freely slobodno
gently nežno
gracefully graciozno
hastily u brzini
heavily teško
honestly iskreno
hurriedly žurno
intently usredsređeno
meticulously pedantno
neatly uredno
nicely lepo
oddly čudno
patiently strpljivo
peacefully mirno
perfectly savršeno
plainly obično
pleasantly prijatno
politely ljubazno
poorly siromašno
professionally profesionalno
properly ispravno
quietly tiho
rapidly brzo
readily spremno
richly bogato
rigidly kruto
roughly oštro
ruthlessly nemilosrdno
securely pouzdano
sensibly razumno
sharply oštro
silently tiho
simply jednostavno
smoothly glatko
softly mekano
specifically posebno
steadily mirno
strangely čudno
subtly suptilno
superbly nadmoćno
swiftly brzo
systematically sistematično
tenderly nežno
thickly debelo
thinly tanko
thoroughly podrobno
tightly tesno
truthfully istinito
urgently hitno
vaguely neodređeno
vigorously krepko
violently nasilno
vividly živahno
voluntarily dobrovoljno
warmly toplo
well dobro
widely široko
willingly drage volje
wonderfully čudesno
wrongly pogrešno

6.2 ADVERBS OF PLACE
PRILOZI ZA MESTO


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi kazuju gde se radnja obavlja ili se obavila ili će se obaviti:

A plane flew overhead.
Avion je leto iznad glava.

The children were playing upstairs.
Deca se igraju na spratu.

My passport is here in my bag.
Moj pasoš je ovde u mojoj tašni.

The children were playing in the park.
Deca se igraju u parku.

6.2.1 A LIST
LISTA

abroad u inostranstvu

anywhere bilo gde
closely blizu
downstairs niz stepenice
far (away) daleko
here ovde
nearly u blizini
outside vani
somewhere negde
there tamo
underground podzemno
upstairs na spratu

6.3 ADVERBS OF TIME
PRILOZI ZA VREME


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi kazuju kada se nešto dešava ili se desilo ili će se desiti:

She will be here soon.
Doći će ovde uskoro.

She was born on 16 April 1959.
Rođena je 16. aprila 1959. godine.

Come and see me next week.
Dođi i poseti me sledeće sedmice.

6.3.1 A LIST WITH EXAMPLES
LISTA SA PRIMERIMA

Yesterday
all my troubles seemed so far away.

Juče je izgledalo da su sve moje nevolje tako daleko.

I did my shopping on Friday.
Obavio sam kupovinu u petak. (dani u sedmici)

I went to a museum today.
Danas sam bio u muzeju.

I bought it yesterday.
Kupila sam ga juče.

I am going home next week.
Idem kući sledeće sedmice.

I visited him last year.
Posetio sam ga prošle godine.

Finally, who likes fast food?
Konačno, ko voli brzu hranu?

I’ve already been there.
Već sam bio tamo.

I’ll go there eventually.
Na kraju ću otići tamo.

I’m just going to the shop.
Odoh samo do prodavnice.

I’m leaving for work soon.
Uskoro polazim na posao.

I’m still interested in physics.
I dalje sam zainteresovan za fiziku.

She was in Belgrade then.
Tada je bila u Beogradu.

6.4 ADVERBS OF DEGREE
PRILOZI ZA STEPEN


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi kazuju stepen, jačinu ili intenzitet stanja ili radnje i njihovo prisustvo značajno menja značenje rečenice:

The man drove (very) badly.
Čovek je (veoma) loše vozio.

They enjoyed the film (immensely).
Uživali su u filmu (jako) puno.

6.4.1 A LIST
LISTA

little malo

a bit malo
a little malo
somewhat ograničeno
slightly malo (više)
noticeably primetno
sufficiently dovoljno
moderately umereno
adequately adekvatno
significantly značajno
rather prilično
fairly dobrano
quite prilično
much mnogo
a lot mnogo
a great deal puno
really uistinu
very much veoma mnogo
heavily prilično
greatly u velikoj meri
strongly jako
considerably značajno
exceedingly veoma mnogo
extensively opsežno
badly veoma
dearly skupo
deeply duboko
hard naporno
soundly zdravo
well poprilično
remarkably izvanredno
enormously jako puno
intensely intenzivno
profoundly duboko
immensely strašno puno
tremendously strahovito
hugely ogromno
severely ozbiljno
radically radikalno
drastically drastično

6.5 ADVERBS OF EXTENT
PRILOZI ZA OPSEG


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi se koriste da pokažu u kom opsegu se nešto dešava ili je istinito:

The city had been totally destroyed.
Grad je bio potpuno uništen.

The Labour Party was largely created by the unions.
Radničku partiju su u velikom delu stvorili sindikati.

6.5.1 A LIST
LISTA

partly delimično

partially delimično
practically praktično
largely u velikoj meri
quite prilično
almost skoro
nearly blizu
virtually zaista
completely kompletno
entirely sasvim
totally totalno
fully u potpunosti
perfectly savršeno
altogether sve skupa
utterly sasvim

6.6 ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
PRILOZI ZA UČESTALOST


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi koliko često se nešto dešava ili se dešavalo ili će se desiti:

I always do my homework on time.
Ja uvek uradim svoj domaći na vreme.

She goes out occasionally.
Ona izlazi s vremena na vreme.

6.6.1 A LIST
LISTA

never nikad

rarely retko
hardly ever jedva ikad
seldom malo kad
not much ne mnogo
infrequently ne često
occasionally povremeno
periodically periodično
intermittently povremeno
sporadically sporadično
from time to time s vremena na vreme
now and then katkad
sometimes neki put
often često
frequently učestalo
regularly redovno
a lot puno
usually obično
generally generalno
normally normalno
nearly always skoro uvek
continually kontinualno
all the time sve vreme
constantly konstantno
always uvek

6.6.2 PHRASES FOR REGULAR ACTIVITIES
IZRAZI ZA REDOVNE RADNJE


daily (every day) svakodnevno
weekly (every week) svake sedmice
forthightly (every two weeks/fortnight) svake dve sedmice
monthly (every month) mesečno
yearly (every year) godišnje

6.7 ADVERBS OF DURATION
PRILOZI ZA TRAJANJE


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi koliko dugo nešto traje ili je trajalo ili će trajati:

They were briefly occupied.
Bili su zauzeti na kratko.

The phone was temporarily out of order.
Telefon je privremeno bio van upotrebe.

6.7.1 A LIST
LISTA

briefly na kratko

shortly kratko
temporarily privremeno
indefinitely neodređeno
long dugo
always uvek
permanently stalno
forever zauvek

6.8 ADVERBS OF PROBABILITY
PRILOZI ZA VEROVATNOĆU


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi se koriste da pokažu koliko je sigurno ono o čemu govorimo:

I definitely saw her yesterday.
Definitivno sam je video juče.

The driver probably knows the quickest route.
Vozač možda zna najbržu rutu.

6.8.1 A LIST
LISTA

conceivably zamislivo

possibly moguće
perhaps možda
maybe možda
hopefully uz nadu
probably verovatno
presumably po svoj prilici
almost certainly skoro sigurno
certainly sigurno
no doubt bez sumnje
doubtless nesumnjivo
definitely definitivno

6.9 ADVERBS OF ASPECT
PRILOZI ZA ASPEKT


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi se obično grade od klasifikacionih prideva i ukazuju na aspekt onoga o čemu se govori, npr. politically important (politički važno) = nešto bitno na polju politike:

We had a very bad year financially.
Finansijski, imali smo veoma lošu godinu.

It would have been politically damaging for him.
Bilo bi politički štetno za njega.

Ovim prilozima se često dodaje gerundijum 'speaking' (govoreći):

He’s not a doctor, technically speaking.
Tehnički gledano, on nije lekar.

Generally speaking, there was no resistance.
Uopšteno govoreći, nije bilo otpora.

6.9.1 A LIST
LISTA

biologically biološki

commercially komercijalno
economically ekonomski
emotionally emotivno
financially finansijski
generally uopšteno
geographically geografski
intellectually intelektualno
logically logički
morally moralno
outwardly spolja
plainly obično
politically politički
psychologically psihološki
racially rasno
scientifically naučno
socially socijalno
statistically statistički
technically tehnički
verbally verbalno
visually vizuelno

6.10 ADVERBS OF FOCUS
PRILOZI ZA FOKUSIRANJE


Ovi prilozi i priloški izrazi se koriste da se pokaže koja je od stvari uključenih u situaciju glavna:

I’m particularly interested in classical music.
Posebno sam zainteresovan za klasičnu muziku.

We want especially to thank the numerous friends who encouraged us.
Želimo posebno da zahvalimo brojnim prijateljima koji sun as ohrabrili.

6.10.1 A LIST
LISTA

chiefly uglavnom

especially posebno
mainly uglavnom
mostly većinom
notably primetno
on the whole u celini
particularly posebno
predominantly dominantno
primarily primarno
principally u principu
specially specijalno
specifically posebno

Neki se prilozi koriste da naglase da je samo jedna stvar uključena u to o čemu govorimo:

This is solely a matter of money.
Ovo je jedino stvar novca.

It’s a large canvas covered with just one colour.
To je veliki kanvas pokriven samo jednom bojom.

Najčešći prilozi koji se ovako koriste su:


alone samo
entirely isključivo
exclusively isključivo
just tek
merely samo
only samo
purely čisto
simply prosto
solely jedino

Prilozi za opseg 'largely', 'partly' i 'entirely' mogu biti upotrebljeni za fokusiranje kao dodatna informacija. Isto važi za priloge učestalosti 'usually' i 'often':

The house was cheap partly because it was falling down.
Kuća je bila jeftina delimično zato što se je bila pred rušenjem.

They often fought each other, usually as a result of arguments over money.
Često su svađali obično kao rezultat rasprava oko novca.

6.11 ADVERBS OF EMPHASIZING
PRILOZI ZA NAGLAŠAVANJE


Ovi prilozi dodaju naglašenost radnji koja se opisuje glagolom:

I quite agree.
Potpuno se slažem.

I simply adore this flat.
Prosto obožavam ovaj stan.

6.11.1 A LIST
LISTA

absolutely apsolutno
certainly naravno
just baš
positively pozitivno
quite sasvim
really stvarno
simply prosto

Zanimljivosti i šale

MANNER: I eat my breakfast carefully.
PLACE: I eat my breakfast at home.
TIME: Yesterday I ate my breakfast in the office.
DEGREE: I ate a lot for my breakfast today.
EXTENT: I eat practically anything for my breakfast.
FREQUENCY: I eat my breakfast regularly.
DURATION: I ate my breakfast long this morning.
PROBABILITY: Almost certainly, I’m eating with Tom tomorrow.
ASPECT: Generally, I eat my breakfast alone.
FOCUS: I eat my breakfast mainly at home.
EMPHASIZING: I simply love eating my breakfast at home.

At Court
A randy king once asked a lady of his court,

‘Which is the shortest route to your bedroom?’
‘Via the church,’ she smiled graciously.

A Fortune-teller
A policeman visited a fortune-teller.

‘One of your clients has lodged a complaint against you. I must arrest you for fraud.’
‘Which client?’ she demanded.
‘But madam, surely you must know.’